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What sex were you assigned at birth?
1 = male, 2 = female, 3 = intersex, 4 = other, namely,
5 = prefer not to answer
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What is your gender identity?
1 = man, 2 = women, 3 = non-binary, 4 = gender queer,
5 = other, namely, 6 = prefer not to answer
Important cultural distinctions are present in the understanding, definitions, and language surrounding sex and gender. Many countries around the world do not recognize that sex at birth and gender identity may not align; they conceive of sex and gender as necessarily binary (i.e., male or female). Additionally, in several languages, the distinction between sex and gender does not exist and the same word is often used to refer to both. In these cultural contexts, integrating sex and gender in traumatic stress research may come with additional challenges (Langevin, et al., 2024). The Global Collaboration on Traumatic Stress is the ideal context for reflecting on these complex issues and for bringing the field forward through innovative approaches while respecting cultural differences.
Through the implementation of this Sex and Gender Priority Area at the Global Collaboration on Traumatic Stress (GCTS), we aim to help bring the field further through various research projects and the development of methodological tools that will be elaborated collaboratively by the diverse members of our group.
If you wish to get involved or to share project ideas that you have for this priority area, please do not hesitate to contact Rachel Langevin. Collaborators are welcome (CAW).
Projects
1. How can we improve our approach to gender diversity in international traumatic stress studies?
Project Leader
Rachel Langevin, Department of Educational and Counselling Psychology, Faculty of Education, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Status: Ongoing
Consultation of GCTS members. To develop an inventory of strategies, GCTS members were surveyed about the barriers they faced, along with the effective and less effective approaches they implemented or considered to address them. The survey findings will inform the development of a toolbox containing concrete recommendations for the effective and culturally sensitive integration of sex and gender considerations in cross-cultural traumatic stress research.
As a follow-up step, we are planning to conduct qualitative interviews with researchers to gain deeper insights into their experiences, further explore barriers to this work, and identify practical strategies for addressing them. Collaborators are welcome (CAW)! Please contact Rachel Langevin, if you are interested to join this project.
Sex and Gender Infographic. Our infographic summarizes key legal and ethical challenges as well as challenges related to measurement, statistical modeling, and reporting. It offers practical solutions. The infographic is available in multiple languages through the links provided below. This section will be updated as new translations become available.
If you are able to translate the infographic into a language not currently listed, please contact us.
Please download the infographic in:
French

2. Using secondary data to answer pressing question related to sex and gender in psychotrauma research
Project Leader
Jessica Lambert, DIGNITY - Danish Institute Against Torture, Copenhagen, Denmark
Status: Ongoing
Overview: This subgroup aims to address knowledge gaps on sex and gender in psychotrauma research through analysis of secondary data. Drawing on a recent review by Langeland and Olff (2024), we are currently outlining gaps related to sex and gender differences in the experience of events, severity and constellation of symptoms, and patterns of recovery across cultural contexts. The next step will be locating relevant datasets (quantitative and qualitative) suited to secondary analysis of these questions, laying the groundwork for future research on sex and gender in psychotrauma.
Collaborate
Collaborators are welcome (CAW)! Please contact Jessica Lambert, if you are interested to join this project.
The GCTS Sex and Gender Orientation Network
Current network members
Rachel Langevin, McGill University, Canada
Sophie Beaudette, McGill University, Canada
Tilahun Belete Mossie, Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia
Stefanie Rita Balle, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Germany
Sasha Bailey, University of Melbourne, Australia
Louise Cossette, Université du Québec à Montréal, Canada
Rosiel Elwyn, University of the Sunshine Coast, Australia
Sarah Halligan, University of Bath, The United Kingdom
Daniel Jenkins, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
Safa Kemal Kaptan, Boğaziçi University Bebek, Türkiye
Willie Langeland, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
Jessica Lambert, DIGNITY - Danish Institute Against Torture, Denmark
Max Loomes, University of New South Wales, Australia
Miranda Olff, Amsterdam UMC, The Netherlands
Maya Pilin, McGill University, Canada
Tamsin Sharp, University of Bristol, The United Kingdom
Soraya Seedat, Stellenbosch University, South Africa
Sarah Stevens, The Black Dog Institute, Australia
Rosario Spencer, Talca Universidad, Chile
Zoë Thomas, McGill University, Canada
Negin Zamani, McGill University, Canada
Sex and Gender Orientation
Topic leader: Rachel Langevin, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
Within the GCTS we aim to explicitly consider sex and gender aspects across all projects.
In many western and high-income countries, an emphasis is placed on distinguishing between sex and gender in psychological research to better understand their distinct influence on study outcomes (see figure below for definitions). In these contexts, this simple and straightforward approach to measuring sex and gender in survey-based research is recommended to encourage reporting of comparable data across studies (Langeland & Olff, 2024):

References
Langeland, W., & Olff, M. (2024). Sex and gender in psychotrauma research. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2024.2358702
Langevin, R., Beaudette, S., Wadji, D.L., Abou Chabake, S., Gonzalez, C., Jenkins, D., Kaptan, S.K., Lambert, J., Mossie, T.B., Spencer, R. (2024). Sex and Gender Considerations in Cross-Cultural Traumatic Stress Studies. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 15 (1). https://doi.org/10.1080/20008066.2024.2408194
