Armed Conflict
Theme leader: Jana Javakhishvili
Please contact the theme leader if you would like to initiate new projects or have other ideas about global collaboration related to this topic. You can also directly submit your project proposal here.
The events in Israel, Gaza, Libanon, Ukraine, but also Afghanistan, Sudan, Jemen, Ethiopia, DRC, Armenia and other areas in the world call for available relevant information and guidelines on how we can support trauma survivors caught up in armed conflict.
We are facing extremely difficult times globally. While the war in Ukraine is into its third year, another horrible war broke out in Israel, Palestine/Gaza, and Libanon, causing unrest and uncertainty in the whole middle east region, and immense human suffering. Some of our colleagues involved in the GCTS are personally and directly affected. Our hearts go out to all human beings who suffer from the terror and atrocities caused by this war and other armed conflicts across the globe.
As GCTS we recognize the importance of suitable mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) interventions - even under the most acute and horrifying situations. Our Armed Conflict theme group has over the last months been working on a position paper related to such interventions during ongoing conflict. We aim to present this in the upcoming year.
In the meantime, on this page we present information that may be of help in situations of armed conflict, both for survivors or for trauma professionals.
Please contact Jana Javakhishvili for questions or suggestions.
For our projects on refugees and join the global network of reFUgees TraUmatic stress REsearch (FUTURE)
Resources
Surviving Warfare Adversities. A Brief Survival Advice for Civilians Under War Stress. By Arik Shalev
One year since Russia’s attack on Ukraine - A commentary by Jana Javakhishvili
Gaza and Israel
The GCTS Armed Conflict theme would like to express their worry and concern about the immense human suffering and mental health problems that will arise from this violence in all who are affected by the armed conflict in Gaza and Israel. We condemn all acts of violence and abuse against humanity.
Links received by Palestinian and Israeli professionals for mental health support
Gaza:
Friends for Mental Health, Gaza - Mental Health and Psychosocial Support for Palestinians
The Palestinian Counselling Centre - Psychosocial support for Palestinians
Israel:
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Enosh - General mental health care, including social integration and rehabilitation efforts.
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Natal - Multidisciplinary treatment and support to direct and indirect victims of trauma due to terror and war in Israel.
From Ukraine
Self-help psychoeducational resource and online counselling
For persons experiencing trauma related symptoms we refer to a self-help psychoeducational resource and online counselling for those who need it. It is run by a team of professionals of Federation Global Initiative on Psychiatry (FGIP) and Ukrainian consultants.
Ukrainian:
Web site: samopomi.ch
Telegram: https://t.me/samopomic
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Samopomich-100316465941232
Russian:
Web site: . samopomo.ch
Telegram: https://t.me/samopomoch
Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/samopomo.ch
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/samopomoch
Links received from Ukrainian professionals to support/donate
To donate to the reliable charitable fund "Povernys zhyvym" ("Come back alive"). Your donation will be used to buy the protection and medi cal supplies. Instruction on the donation here.
Even a small donation, multiplied by the number of supporters, will make a difference. So please, share this with your colleagues, friends, other people that you can outreach, share on FB or other media etc., even if you yourselves are not ready to donate directly.
Please make the record in this depersonalized form. You will be asked just to enter your country and the sum of your donation. No other information will be requested.
From ISTSS
The Journal of Traumatic Stress has created a ‘virtual special issue’ on war and terrorism
From ESTSS
ESTSS statement on the Israel Gaza conflict
ESTSS statement on the Russia Ukraine war
ESTSS recommendations for mental health professionals to act
An ESTSS training program for Ukrainian professionals has been launched funded by ESTSS
ESTSS members in Lithuania, Georgia, and Poland are active in preparation for psychosocial care for Ukrainian refugees, and more countries will join
European Journal of Psychotraumatology, ESTSS's journal, has released a call-for-papers: Early intervention in the aftermath of trauma: assessment and response. Guest editor Rodrigo Figueroa.
ESTSS TENTS: TENTS guidelines for psychosocial care following disasters and major incidents
Mental health screening tools
Global Psychotrauma Screen (GPS, in over 35 languages, also including Amharic, Arabic, Hebrew, Russian, and Ukrainian) developed by Global Collaboration on Traumatic Stress
Please contact us at gc.traumaticstress@gmail.com if you wish to collaborate on GPS translation and cultural adaptation for other languages needed in areas impacted by armed conflict.
Instruments on Grief and Bereavement
Other tools see Assessment
Other relevant links for psychosocial support
WHO
mhGAP Humanitarian Intervention Guide (mhGAP-HIG): clinical management of mental, neurological and substance use conditions in humanitarian emergencies (who.int)
Psychological first aid: Guide for field workers
Self-Help Plus (SH+): WHO’s 5-session stress management course for large groups
GROUP PROBLEM MANAGEMENT PLUS (GROUP PM+): Group psychological help for adults impaired by distress in communities exposed to adversity
Doing What Matters in Times of Stress: An Illustrated Guide is a stress management guide for coping with adversity. The guide aims to equip people with practical skills to help cope with stress. A few minutes each day are enough to practice the self-help techniques...
Assessing mental health and psychosocial needs and resources
WHO-UNHCR needs assessment guidelines
IFRC Reference Centre for Psychosocial Support
contributes knowledge and provides service to the Red Cross Red Crescent Movement.
Online orientation sessions on Psychological First Aid
Emergency activities, programmes, interventions and tools – Psychosocial Support IFRC (pscentre.org)
Problem Management Plus – Psychosocial Support IFRC (pscentre.org)
The National Child Traumatic Stress Network (NCTSN)
Psychological first aid for children
The Inter-Agency Standing Committee (IASC)
The IASC Reference Group on Mental Health and Psychosocial Support in Emergency Settings provides resources and information for anyone who is involved in the psychosocial and psychological care of people affected by the crisis in the Ukraine. These resources can be accessed here.
Please contact Valeria Florez at and Carmen Valle who to share MHPSS response efforts in Ukraine.
UNHCR
UNHCR, the UN Refugee Agency, is a global organization dedicated to saving lives, protecting rights and building a better future for refugees, forcibly displaced communities and stateless people.
EU
Forced displacement: refugees, asylum-seekers and internally displaced people (IDPs) (europa.eu)
ECRE
European Council on Refugees and Exiles (ECRE)
Projects
Mental health and psychosocial support during ongoing armed conflict - developing a position paper
Project leader: Jana Javakhishvili Ilia State University, Georgia
Project group: Leisha Beardmore, Stanford University, USA; Stefanie Freel, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Chris Hoeboer, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Miranda Olff, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Janne Punski-Hoogervorst, University of Haifa, Israel; Joe Ruzek, Palo Alto University, USA; Arieh Shalev, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, USA.
Background
During war hostilities civilians are exposed to a myriad of severe stressors, major losses, and extreme situational demands. Whilst such stressor might be traumatic in the long run, the task at hand during hostilities is survival and harm mitigation. At such time survival efforts not only involves the individual, but also families, attachment networks, and larger groups. They encompass physical and psychological survival, attaining food shelter and safety, re-evaluating the new realities’ constraints and openings, maintaining orientation and communication, adjusting to losses and overcoming exposure to grotesque death and deconfiguration.
At such time as well, individuals’ inherent resilience and intuitive resourcefulness are challenged by unexpected and, at times, inescapable stressors and require adjustment and adaptation. Psychological first aid, including guiding, training and advising lay helpers and professionals is important during hostilities. However, understanding and addressing the burden on those directly exposed is truly critical: they are the ones who evaluate threat and protection, assess risks and opportunities, sooth children – and one another; process and adjust to changing situational constraints, weigh information accuracy and relevance, derive and test predictions and courses of action and engage in salutogenic activities.
We need to directly address those at harm’s way, help by advice and guidance based on extant knowledge taken from disaster and combat psychiatry, from relocation and refugees situations, captivity and genocide survivorship and other empirical or descriptive sources. Inherent to this work is the repeated observations of individuals and families’ resourcefulness during extreme conditions and a belief in inherent resiliency potential in each individual.
Aims
To review the literature and create a position paper on the impact of armed conflict and potential interventions during ongoing conflict.
Publications
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Shalev AY. Surviving Warfare Adversities. A Brief Survival Advice for Civilians Under War Stress. PMGP [Internet]. 2022 Jun. 10;7(1):e0701357. Available from: https://e-medjournal.com/index.php/psp/article/view/357
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Javakhishvili et al., in prep. Position paper: Mental health and psychosocial support during ongoing armed conflict
Nadiya project
Health of Ukrainian displaced persons: Risk and supportive factors in response to the war
See Displaced persons
The language of trauma in testimonies of the Russia-Ukraine war (2022-2025) - The Narratives of War (NoW) Virtual Exhibit
Project leaders
Victor Kuperman, Department of Linguistics and Languages, Reading Lab, McMaster University, Canada; Larysa Zasiekina, Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University, Ukraine & Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge (lz464@cam.ac.uk); Serhii Zasiekin, Lesya Ukrainka Volyn National University & University College London, School of Slavonic and East European Studies, (s.zasiekin@ucl.ac.uk).
Background
Since February 24th, 2022, due to Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, millions of Ukrainians have been displaced and many more exposed to extreme violence, abuse, deprivation, and loss. Many survivors of war never voice their experiences, while others are only able to articulate their trauma in a selective manner long after the immediate impact. This contributes to a general lack of awareness and understanding of the realities on the ground.
Results
The Narratives of War (NoW) Virtual Exhibit, available at https://now.omeka.net/ offers first-hand accounts from civilians during wartime and could serve as a useful resource for interdisciplinary research on trauma. With contributions from thousands of witnesses of all ages and from all regions of Ukraine, the NoW project serves as both a timeline and a map of ongoing warfare, contributes to the national and global cultural memory of the Russian invasion of Ukraine, and offers a platform for the unfolding stories of suffering, resilience, and hope.
Please contact the project leaders for further collaboration on these testimonies.
Funding
New Frontiers in Research Fund (NFRFE-2022-00802)
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